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\n\t\u0130T\u00dc Avrasya Yer Bilimleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim G\u00f6revlisi Dr. \u00d6zkan \u00c7apraz taraf\u0131ndan, \u0130stanbul’da hava kirlili\u011findeki art\u0131\u015f ile hastane ba\u015fvurular\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin ortaya konulmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada, \u0130stanbul’da farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlere ait hava kirlili\u011fi verileri ile hastanelere yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurular kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak, hava kalitesindeki de\u011fi\u015fimlerin sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine ba\u015fvurular \u00fczerindeki etkisi incelendi.<\/p>\n
\n\tAra\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunda, hava kirlili\u011finin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde hastanelere yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurularda da art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlendi.<\/p>\n
\n\tAra\u015ft\u0131rmada, hava kirlili\u011finin \u00e7ocuklar, yeti\u015fkinler ve 65 ya\u015f \u00fczerindeki bireyler \u00fczerindeki etkileri de ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirildi. Bulgular, \u00f6zellikle ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n hava kirlili\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 daha duyarl\u0131 gruplar aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n
\n\tKirleticilerin sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00fczerindeki etkisinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ise \u00e7ap\u0131 2,5 mikrometreden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck partik\u00fcl maddeler, azot dioksit ve \u00e7ap\u0131 10 mikrometreden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck partik\u00fcl maddeler s\u0131ralamas\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada, \u0130stanbul’da 2013-2017 d\u00f6neminde ast\u0131m, akut bron\u015fit ve kronik obstr\u00fcktif akci\u011fer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (KOAH) nedeniyle hastanelere yap\u0131lan yakla\u015f\u0131k 3,94 milyon ba\u015fvuru incelendi. \u00dc\u00e7 hastal\u0131k grubuna ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurular ile hava kirlili\u011fi aras\u0131nda anlaml\u0131 ili\u015fkiler saptan\u0131rken, \u00f6zellikle azot dioksit ve ince partik\u00fcl madde d\u00fczeylerinin etkileri \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlendi.<\/p>\n
\n\tAra\u015ft\u0131rmalarda, \u0130stanbul’da partik\u00fcl madde ve azot oksitlerin \u00f6zellikle k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda daha y\u00fcksek seviyelere ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlendi. K\u0131\u015f mevsimini sonbahar ve ilkbahar takip ederken, yaz aylar\u0131nda bu kirleticiler i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferlerin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanan olaylar\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edildi.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada ayr\u0131ca yer seviyesindeki ozonun solunum yollar\u0131nda tahri\u015fe yol a\u00e7abildi\u011fi, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ocuklar, ya\u015fl\u0131lar, ast\u0131m hastalar\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k havada fiziksel olarak aktif ki\u015filer a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan risk olu\u015fturabildi\u011fi belirlendi.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u00c7apraz, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u0130stanbul’daki hava kirlili\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri ile hastane ba\u015fvurular\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi inceledi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
\n\tBu kapsamda hava kirlili\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri ile hastane ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirten \u00c7apraz, “Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re hava kirlili\u011finin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerde hastane ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir. Hava kirlili\u011finde \u00e7e\u015fitli tipleri var. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ara\u00e7 egzozlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan hava kirlili\u011fi, \u0131s\u0131nma kaynakl\u0131 hava kirlili\u011fi veya do\u011fal kaynakl\u0131 hava kirlili\u011fi gibi. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, \u00f6zellikle insan kaynakl\u0131 hava kirlili\u011finin sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 daha \u00e7ok artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermekte.” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u00c7apraz, \u00f6zellikle ara\u00e7 egzozlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan azot dioksit ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck partik\u00fcler maddelerin ast\u0131m, KOAH, akut bron\u015fit gibi solunum yolu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zlendi\u011fini belirterek, “\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada \u00f6zellikle ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n daha \u00e7ok etkilendi\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Onun haricinde bu etkiler ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmayabiliyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, hava kirlili\u011finin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu g\u00fcnden birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra da etkileri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabiliyor. Buna gecikmeli etki deniyor.” dedi.<\/p>\n
\n\tHassas gruplar\u0131n hava kirlili\u011finin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu g\u00fcnlerde d\u0131\u015far\u0131da yapt\u0131klar\u0131 aktiviteleri daha s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu anlatan \u00c7apraz, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti:<\/p>\n
\n\t“Hava kirlili\u011fi \u00f6zellikle KOAH ve ast\u0131m gibi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar, \u00e7ocuklar ve 65 ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fc ki\u015filerin daha fazla etkiliyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada bunlar\u0131n hastanelere daha \u00e7ok ba\u015fvurdu\u011funu tespit ettik. Ayr\u0131ca daha \u00f6nce yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ba\u015fka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Sahra tozu ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n etkisine de bakt\u0131k. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde acil ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131 Sahra tozu ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ast\u0131m ve KOAH \u00e7ok etkilemedi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Fakat akut bron\u015fit ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131 bir nebze artt\u0131r\u0131yordu.”<\/p>\n
\n\t\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck partik\u00fcl maddeler, azot dioksit ve ince partik\u00fcl madde gibi hava kirleticilerine de bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten \u00c7apraz, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck partik\u00fcler madde boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in akci\u011ferlerin en i\u00e7 noktalar\u0131na kadar ula\u015fabildi\u011fini, bu nedenle ast\u0131m ve KOAH gibi hastal\u0131klar\u0131 tetikleyebildi\u011fini kaydetti.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u00c7apraz, \u0130stanbul genelinde hava kirlili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ara\u00e7 trafi\u011finin, evsel kirlili\u011fin ve sanayi kirlili\u011finin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerin daha riskli oldu\u011funu ifade etti.<\/p>\n
\n\tAra\u00e7 trafi\u011finin hava kirlili\u011finin kaynaklar\u0131ndan biri oldu\u011funu aktaran \u00c7apraz, “\u00d6ncelikle hava kirlili\u011finin artt\u0131racak kaynaklar\u0131ndan birisi ara\u00e7 trafi\u011fi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in benzinli ara\u00e7lar yerine hibrit veya elektrikli ara\u00e7lar\u0131n tercih edilmesi daha do\u011fru olacakt\u0131r. Onun haricinde yak\u0131t olarak k\u00f6m\u00fcr veya odun gibi fosil kaynakl\u0131 yak\u0131tlar\u0131n yerine do\u011fal gaz kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 hava kirlili\u011fine \u00e7ok pozitif bir etkisi var. O y\u00fczden do\u011fal gaz kullan\u0131m\u0131 o y\u00fczden \u00e7ok avantajl\u0131.” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u00c7apraz, sanayi b\u00f6lgelerinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca \u015fehrin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6zlerine ekledi.<\/p>\n